The challenge of peace in the Middle East, especially the conflict that has been going on for decades, is a complex and nuanced issue. One of the main challenges is the differences in ideology and political interests that are rooted in the long history of this region. The dispute between Israel and Palestine encompasses border issues, refugees, and the status of Jerusalem, each of which has deep emotional and historical layers. The international community has attempted to help resolve this conflict through various initiatives, such as the Oslo Peace Process in the early 1990s. However, negotiations are often hampered by distrust between the parties involved. One important aspect is the role of large countries such as the United States and the European Union, which have significant influence in determining policy direction and financial support for peace initiatives. On the other hand, domestic factors also influence conflict dynamics. In Palestine, divisions between Fatah and Hamas hinder efforts to reach a cohesive agreement. Meanwhile, in Israel, various political alliances have resulted in policies that often favor extremists, making the peace process increasingly difficult. The growing number of Israeli settlements in the occupied territories poses a major challenge to any attempt to create a sovereign Palestinian state. Humanitarian issues also cannot be ignored in the context of the Peace Challenge in the Middle East. Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank face economic hardship and limited access to basic services, exacerbating tensions and discontent. This alienation creates conditions that allow extremism to grow, complicating the path to peace. Social media and modern communication technologies play a dual role. On the one hand, they open access to information and increase global awareness about the situation in the region. On the other hand, these platforms can also be used to spread disinformation and exacerbate social tensions. Overall, to achieve lasting peace in the Middle East, an inclusive and comprehensive approach is needed, involving all stakeholders. Sustainable diplomacy, trust building, and real efforts to meet people’s basic needs are essential steps. Finding common ground that meets the expectations of all parties will be key to overcoming the challenges of peace in a region steeped in history and conflict.
